| 詞或詞組 | 中文 | 英文解釋中文解釋 |
|---|---|---|
| V-belt | 三角帶 |
A drive belt having a trapezoidal cross section which runs in pulleys with V-shaped grooves. Higher torques can be transmitted than with a flat belt. 一種具有梯形橫截面的傳動帶，在帶V形槽的皮帶輪中運行。與平皮帶相比，可以傳遞更高的扭矩。 |
| V-block | V型塊 |
A block having a 90° V-shaped recess; used in a workshop to hold round workpieces. 具有90°V形凹槽的塊體；在車間里用來裝圓形工件。 |
| Vacuum annealing | 真空退火 |
Annealing carried out at subatmospheric pressure. 在低于大氣壓的壓力下進行退火。 |
| Vacuum carburizing | 真空滲碳 |
A high-temperature gas carburizing process using furnace pressures between 7 and 55 kPa during the carburizing portion of the cycle. 在循環(huán)的滲碳部分期間使用7至55kPa之間的爐壓的高溫氣體滲碳工藝。 |
| Vacuum pump | 真空泵 |
A pump for exhausting air and non-condensable gases from a vessel to be maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure. The pirani and thermal-conductivity gauges are vacuum gauges used to measure the absolute pressure within a vacuum system (vacuum level), usually expressed in torr or Pa. 用于從容器中排出空氣和不凝性氣體以保持在亞大氣壓的泵。皮拉尼和熱導率計是用于測量真空系統(tǒng)內(nèi)絕對壓力（真空水平）的真空計，通常用托或帕表示。 |
| Vacuum relief valve | 真空安全閥 |
A valve that admits gas to a system under vacuum, should the degree of vacuum become excessive. 如果真空度過高，允許氣體在真空下進入系統(tǒng)的閥門。 |
| Vacuum servo | 真空服務(wù)器 |
A vacuum-operated servomotor which is used in a motor vehicle to provide a brake effort greater than the capability of the driver. 一種真空操作的伺服電機，用于機動車中，以提供大于駕駛員能力的制動力。 |
| Valve | 閥門 |
Any of various manual or automatic devices that are able to initiate, regulate, or stop the flow of a fluid through a conduit or from a closed container. 任何一種手動或自動裝置，能夠啟動、調(diào)節(jié)或停止通過導管或封閉容器的流體流動。 |
| Valve plug | 閥塞 |
A conical or cylindrical plug, in which there are transverse holes, in a valve, such as a plug valve. Flow through the holes occurs when the plug is rotated. 閥門中的圓錐形或圓柱形閥塞，其中有橫向孔，如旋塞閥。旋轉(zhuǎn)閥塞時，會發(fā)生通過孔的流動 |
| Valve spring | 氣門彈簧 |
The spring that restores a valve to its closed position after having been opened, and is also intended to prevent valve bounce. 在閥門打開后將其恢復(fù)到關(guān)閉位置的彈簧，也用于防止閥門反彈。 |
| Vane engine (vane motor) | 葉片發(fā)動機（葉片馬達） |
A rotary engine in which high-pressure hydraulic fluid in the spaces between spring-loaded sliding vanes held in an offset rotor acts on the vanes, causing the rotor to revolve within a cylinder. The design is much like a sliding-vane compressor, as is that of a vane pump, used to pump liquids. 一種旋轉(zhuǎn)式發(fā)動機，其中偏置轉(zhuǎn)子中裝有彈簧的滑動葉片之間的高壓液壓流體作用在葉片上，使轉(zhuǎn)子在氣缸內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)。這種設(shè)計很像滑動葉片壓縮機，就像用于泵送液體的葉片泵一樣。 |
| Vapour | 蒸氣 |
The gas-like phase of a substance at a temperature below its critical point. A vapour can be condensed to a liquid or a solid by increasing its pressure or reducing its temperature. 溫度低于臨界點的物質(zhì)的類氣相。蒸汽可以通過增加壓力或降低溫度冷凝成液體或固體。 |
| Vapour static pressure | 蒸汽靜壓 |
(Unit Pa or bar) A pressure analogous to hydrostatic pressure, where the fluid is a vapour such as steam. A term used in geothermal applications. （單位Pa或bar）類似于靜水壓力的壓力，其中流體是蒸汽，如蒸汽。地熱應(yīng)用中使用的術(shù)語。 |
| Vapour-pressure thermometer | 蒸汽壓力溫度計 |
(vapour-filled thermometer) A type of fluidexpansion thermometer in which the working fluid is a volatile liquid. （蒸汽填充溫度計）一種流體膨脹溫度計，其中工作流體為揮發(fā)性液體。 |
| Vapour–pressure curve | 蒸汽壓力曲線 |
For a pure substance, the curve of saturation pressure plotted vs saturation temperature. 對于純物質(zhì)，繪制了飽和壓力與飽和溫度的曲線。 |
| Variance | 方差 |
A measure of the squared dispersion of observed values or measurements expressed as a function of the sum of the squared deviations from the population mean or sample average. 觀測值或測量值的平方離散度的度量，表示為總體平均值或樣本平均值的平方偏差之和的函數(shù)。 |
| Vector | 矢量 |
Any physical quantity, such as velocity, acceleration, force, or momentum, that is specified in terms of both its magnitude and its direction. The convention of printing vector quantities in boldface was introduced by the physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs. 任何物理量，如速度、加速度、力或動量，以其大小和方向來表示。用黑體印刷矢量量的慣例是由物理學家約西亞·威拉德·吉布斯提出的。 |
| Vehicle | 車輛 |
A means of conveyance for transporting goods and people, generally with wheels powered by a petrol, diesel, or steam engine, or by an electric motor, or by a hybrid combination of an electric motor and a diesel or petrol engine. 一種運輸貨物和人員的交通工具，通常由汽油機、柴油機或蒸汽機、電動機或電動機與柴油機或汽油機的混合動力驅(qū)動。 |
| Velocity defect (Unit m/s) | 速度虧損（單位：m/s） |
In a viscous flow, such as a boundary layer or wake, the reduction in velocity, due to friction, compared with that of the free stream. 在粘性流中，如邊界層或尾跡，由于摩擦，與自由流相比，速度降低。 |
| Velocity ratio | 速度比 |
1. The ratio between the input velocity to a machine, train of gears, etc. and the output velocity. 2. The ratio between the displacement of an applied force at one part of a mechanism and the movement of the load at a different part. 1.機器、齒輪系等的輸入速度與輸出速度之間的比率。2.在機構(gòu)的一個部分處施加的力的位移與在不同部分處的載荷的移動之間的比率。 |
| Vent | 發(fā)泄 |
A small valve that allows the release of pressurized fluid from a pipe, pressure vessel, etc., often to the atmosphere. 一種小閥門，允許將加壓流體從管道、壓力容器等中釋放到大氣中。 |
| Ventilation | 通風系統(tǒng) |
A system for circulating fresh air in a room, building, passenger vehicle, orother enclosed space. 在房間、建筑物、乘用車或其他封閉空間中循環(huán)新鮮空氣的系統(tǒng)。 |
| Venturi | 文丘里管 |
A convergent–divergent flow nozzle, usually circular in cross section, with a relatively short convergent section (the confuser) upstream of a throat followed by a gradually diverging section (the diffuser). Such nozzles usually have flanges at either end for installation in a pipeline. Applications include flow meters and ejectors. When a fluid flows through a convergent duct at subsonic speed, there is an increase in velocity accompanied by a decrease in pressure (Venturi effect). 收斂-發(fā)散流噴嘴，橫截面通常為圓形，喉部上游具有相對較短的收斂段（擾流器），然后是逐漸發(fā)散段（擴散器）。這種噴嘴通常在兩端都有法蘭，以便安裝在管道中。應(yīng)用包括流量計和噴射器。當流體以亞音速流過收斂管道時，速度增加，壓力降低（文丘里效應(yīng)）。 |
| Verification | 檢驗 |
Checking or testing an instrument to ensure conformance with a specification. 檢查或測試儀器以確保符合規(guī)范。 |
| Verified loading range | 驗證加載范圍 |
For testing machines, the range of indicated loads for which the testing machine gives results within the permissible variation specified. 對于試驗機，試驗機在規(guī)定允許偏差范圍內(nèi)給出結(jié)果的指示載荷范圍。 |
| Vernier | 游標 |
A short auxiliary scale that slides along the main instrument scale to permit more accurate fractional reading of the least main division of the main scale. 一種短輔助刻度，沿主儀表刻度滑動，以便更準確地讀取主刻度的最小主刻度。 |
| Vertical engine | 立式發(fā)動機 |
A piston engine having the cylinders above the crankshaft. 氣缸位于曲軸上方的活塞發(fā)動機。 |
| Vibration | 振動 |
1. A periodic change with time of the displacements of elements making up a component or structure. 2. The study of the oscillatory motion of bodies and systems and the frequencies, amplitudes, and forces associated with them. 1.組成部件或結(jié)構(gòu)的元件位移隨時間的周期性變化。2.研究物體和系統(tǒng)的振蕩運動以及與之相關(guān)的頻率、振幅和力的學科。 |
| Vibration isolation | 隔振 |
The prevention of transmission of vibration from one component of a system to another part of the same system, such as a building or other structure. Isolation may be achieved using dampers (vibration damping) or by active feedback-control methods. Mechanical vibration is often attenuated by means of components immersed in oil such as in dashpots (viscous damping). Vibration suppression can be achieved (a) using dampers and absorbers tuned to a particular frequency to suppress vibratory forces in structures and other systems (passive suppression) or (b) by the measurement of vibration at key locations in a structure and the application of? cancellation forces (active suppression). 防止振動從系統(tǒng)的一個部件傳遞到同一系統(tǒng)的另一部分，如建筑物或其他結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢允褂米枘崞鳎p振）或主動反饋控制方法實現(xiàn)隔離。機械振動通常通過浸入油中的部件來衰減，例如緩沖罐（粘性阻尼）。可以通過（a）使用調(diào)諧到特定頻率的阻尼器和吸收器來抑制結(jié)構(gòu)和其他系統(tǒng)中的振動力（被動抑制），或（b）通過測量結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)鍵位置的振動并施加抵消力（主動抑制），實現(xiàn)振動抑制。 |
| Vibration-testing machine (vibrator) | 振動試驗機（振動器） |
Any machine that subjects components or systems to vibration at known amplitudes and frequencies in order to determine the response. vibratory equipment Vibrating process equipment, such as shakers, used to separate small and large particles, or feeders to supply particulate or granular material that may otherwise clog. 使部件或系統(tǒng)以已知振幅和頻率振動以確定響應(yīng)的任何機器。振動設(shè)備振動工藝設(shè)備，如用于分離小顆粒和大顆粒的振動篩，或用于供應(yīng)可能堵塞的顆?；蛄畈牧系慕o料機。 |
| Vibrograph | 示振器 |
An instrument that records vibrations in a system over time. 記錄系統(tǒng)隨時間變化的振動的儀器。 |
| Vibrometer | 測振儀 |
A device used to measure the motion of a vibrating surface, typically using a contactless laser-based technique. 一種用于測量振動表面運動的裝置，通常使用非接觸激光技術(shù)。 |
| Vice | 老虎鉗 |
A workshop tool used to hold a workpiece and consisting of two jaws, one fixed and the other moved by turning a screw. 一種用于夾持工件的車間工具，由兩個鉗口組成，一個固定，另一個通過轉(zhuǎn)動螺釘移動。 |
| Vickers hardness number | 維氏硬度值 |
(diamond hardness number, DHN, VHN, VPN) (Unit kg/mm2?originally, sometimes now Pa) Indentation hardness given by load divided by the surface area of the permanent impression obtained when the indenter is in the form of a square pyramid whose opposite faces make an angle of 136° with one another. The mean length d of the diagonals of the indentation is determined, from which VPN = 0.927(2W/d2) where W is the load, since the base of the pyramid has an area equal to 0.927 times the surface area. （金剛石硬度值，DHN，VHN，VPN）（最初單位為kg/mm2，有時為Pa）壓痕硬度，由載荷除以永久壓痕的表面積得出，當壓頭呈方形棱錐體形式時，其相對面彼此成136°角。確定壓痕對角線的平均長度d，其中VPN=0.927（2W/d2），其中W是載荷，因為棱錐底部的面積等于表面積的0.92七倍。 |
| Vickers hardness test | 維氏硬度測試 |
An indentation hardness test employing a 136° diamond pyramid indenter (Vickers) and variable loads, enabling the use of one hardness scale for all ranges of hardness—from very soft lead to tungsten carbide. Also know as diamond pyramid hardness test. 采用136°金剛石棱錐壓頭（維氏硬度計）和可變載荷的壓痕硬度測試，能夠?qū)臉O軟鉛到碳化鎢的所有硬度范圍使用一個硬度標度。也稱為鉆石金字塔硬度測試。 |
| Viscoelasticity | 粘彈性 |
A property involving a combination of elastic and viscous behavior. A material having this property is considered to combine the features of a perfectly elastic solid and a perfect fluid. A phenomenon of time-dependent, in addition to elastic, deformation (or recovery) in response to load. 結(jié)合彈性和粘性的特性。具有這種性質(zhì)的材料被認為是完美彈性固體和完美流體的結(jié)合體。除了彈性變形（或恢復(fù)）外，還隨時間變化的一種現(xiàn)象。 |
| Volume (Unit m3) | 體積（單位m3） |
The amount of space occupied by a specified mass of substance or by an object. 一定質(zhì)量的物質(zhì)或物體占據(jù)的空間量。 |
| Volume flow rate | 體積流率 |
(volumetric flow rate, , ) (Unit m3/s) The volume of a material, usually a fluid or powder, that flows across a surface or through a pipe or other duct per unit time. （體積流量）（單位m3/s）單位時間內(nèi)流經(jīng)表面或管道或其他管道的材料體積，通常為流體或粉末。 |
| Volumetric efficiency | 容積效率 |
For a piston engine, the ratio of the volume of the induced charge per induction stroke, determined at a reference pressure and temperature, to the swept volume. 對于活塞式發(fā)動機，在參考壓力和溫度下確定的每個進氣沖程的進氣體積與掃掠體積之比。 |