| 詞或詞組 | 中文 | 英文解釋中文解釋 |
|---|---|---|
| Gage length | 標距 |
The original length of the portion of a specimen over which strain, change of length, or other characteristics are determined. 確定應變、長度變化或其他特性的試樣部分的原始長度。 |
| Galilean transformation | 伽利略變換 |
In steady fluid flow, the addition or subtraction of a constant velocity to the entire flowfield, e.g. so that flow can be considered relative to a moving object or flow feature, such as a shock wave. 在穩定的流體流動中，對整個流場增加或減少恒定速度，例如，可以考慮相對于移動物體或流動特征（例如沖擊波）流動。 |
| Galling | 磨損 |
An extreme form of adhesive wear, in which large chunks of one part stick to the mating part (during sliding contact). 一種極端形式的粘著磨損，其中一個零件的大塊粘在配合零件上（在滑動接觸期間）。 |
| Galvanic protection | 電流保護 |
The coating on a fastener is said to provide galvanic protection if it is more anodic than the fastener and will, therefore, be destroyed instead of the fastener. Zinc plate (galvanizing) provides galvanic protection to steel fasteners, for example. 如果緊固件上的涂層比緊固件更具陽極性，則據說它可以提供電流保護，將會因此被破壞而不是緊固。例如，鋅板（鍍鋅）為鋼緊固件提供電流保護。 |
| Gamma iron | 加馬鐵 |
The face-centered cubic form of pure iron, stable from 910 to 1400 °C (1670 to 2550 °F). 純鐵的面心立方形式，在910至1400°C（1670 2550°F）溫度范圍內穩定。 |
| Gas compressor | 氣體壓縮機 |
A machine which draws in a gas at low pressure and delivers it at high pressure, usually accompanied by a temperature increase. Compressor designs include axial, centrifugal, diaphragm, reciprocating, and rotary (including the blade compressor). 一種在低壓下吸入氣體并在高壓下輸送氣體的機器，通常伴隨著溫度升高。壓縮機設計包括軸流式、離心式、隔膜式、往復式和旋轉式（包括葉片式壓縮機）。 |
| Gasket factors | 墊片系數 |
Experimentally derived ‘‘constants’’ used to define the behavior of a gasket or the assembly and in-service conditions required for acceptable behavior. 實驗得出的“常數”用于定義墊圈的行為或可接受行為所需的組件和使用條件。 |
| Gasket m-factor | 墊片m系數 |
For a gasketed joint of area A in which the clamping force is F, the factor m is defined by F ≥ mpA where p is the pressure that would separate the two halves of the joint and m > 1. 對于面積為A且夾緊力為F的墊片接頭，系數m由F≥mpA定義，其中p是分離接頭兩半的壓力，m>1。 |
| Gasket stress | 墊片應力 |
The contact stress exerted on the gasket by the joint members. 連接件施加在墊片上的接觸應力。 |
| Gauge | 測量 |
1. Any instrument for measuring or checking dimensions, including adjustable gauges such as a micrometer and non-adjustable gauges such as go/no-go limit gauges that indicate the maximum and minimum dimensions allowable in a component during manufacture. 2. A term often used to mean an instrument, e.g. pressure gauge. 3. The diameter of a wire or thickness of a sheet according to a standard. 4. The distance between the rails of a railway track. 1. 任何用于測量或檢查尺寸的儀器，包括可調節量規（例如千分尺）和不可調節量規（例如指示制造過程中組件允許的最大和最小尺寸的通過/不通過限制量規）。2. 常用于表示儀器的術語，例如壓力表。3.根據標準的線材直徑或片材厚度。4.鐵路軌道的鋼軌之間的距離。 |
| Gauge pressure (Unit Pa) | 表壓（單位Pa） |
The level of static pressure above the ambient pressure. 高于環境壓力的靜壓水平。 |
| Gear motor | 齒輪馬達 |
Essentially a gear pump run in reverse, in which high-pressure fluid supplied to one side of the casing causes the gears to rotate. 本質上是一個齒輪泵反向運行，其中供應到外殼一側的高壓流體導致齒輪旋轉。 |
| Gear pump | 齒輪泵 |
A positive-displacement pump in which fluid is pumped by meshing gears, one driven and the other an idler gear, on parallel axes within a closed casing. 一種容積式泵，其中流體由嚙合齒輪泵送，在封閉外殼內的平行軸上一個驅動，另一個為空套齒輪。 |
| Gear ratio | 傳動比 |
For two gears in contact, the ratio of the number of teeth on the driving gear to that on the driven gear. 對于接觸的兩個齒輪，主動齒輪上的齒數與從動齒輪上的齒數之比。 |
| Gear wheel | 齒輪 |
Any form of toothed wheel, particularly those having conjugate teeth employed in the transmission of motion and power. 任何形式的齒輪，特別是用于傳遞運動和動力的共軛齒的齒輪。 |
| Gearbox | 變速箱 |
A mechanism consisting of meshing gears which transmit power and torque to an output shaft from an input shaft directly connected to an engine. The mechanism is normally contained within a casing filled with lubricating oil. The diagram shows a simple four-speed sliding-mesh gearbox in which gears with different numbers of teeth are slid along parallel splined shafts within the gearbox to mesh with each other and change the ratio of output to input speed (gear ratio). 一種由嚙合齒輪組成的機構，將動力和扭矩從直接連接到發動機的輸入軸傳遞到輸出軸。該機構通常包含在充滿潤滑油的外殼內。示例一個簡單的四速滑動嚙合齒輪箱，其中具有不同齒數的齒輪沿著齒輪箱內的平行花鍵軸滑動，以相互嚙合并改變輸出與輸入速度的比率（齒輪比）。 |
| Generator | 發電機 |
1. A machine for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. 2. (generatrix) A point, line, or surface regarded as moving and so forming a line, a surface, or a volume, respectively. 1.將機械能轉化為電能的機器。2.（母線）被認為是運動的點、線或面，因此分別形成一條線、一個面或一個體積。 |
| GGas turbine | G燃氣輪機 |
An engine in which air, compressed by a multi-stage axial compressor and/or one or more centrifugal compressors, flows into a combustion chamber (or chambers) where fuel is burned and the hot gases then drive an axial turbine which powers the compressor. 由多級軸流壓縮機和/或一個或多個離心壓縮機壓縮的空氣流入燃燒室（或多個燃燒室），在燃燒室中燃燒燃料，然后熱氣體驅動軸流渦輪，為壓縮機提供動力。 |
| Gibbs–Dalton law | 吉布斯-道爾頓定律 |
An extension of Dalton’s law of additive pressures to include the statement that the internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy of a mixture of gases are equal to the sum of the internal energies, enthalpies, and entropies the individual constituents would have if each existed alone at the same temperature and volume. Gibbs rule is that part of the law pertaining to entropy. 道爾頓附加壓力定律的擴展，包括以下陳述：氣體混合物的內能、焓和熵等于各個成分單獨存在時的內能、焓和熵之和。相同的溫度和體積。吉布斯定律是與熵有關的定律的一部分。 |
| Graham’s laws | 格雷厄姆定律 |
The laws stating that the rates of diffusion and effusion of a gas are inversely proportional to the square root of its density. 規定氣體的擴散和滲出速率與其密度的平方根成反比的定律。 |
| Grain | 晶粒 |
1. An individual crystal in a polycrystalline solid. Most engineering materials such as metals and ceramics are used in polycrystalline form. 2. (gr) A non-SI unit of mass. The conversion to SI is 1 gr = 6.479 891 × 10?5?kg. 1.多晶固體中的單個晶體。大多數工程材料，如金屬和陶瓷，都以多晶形式使用。2.（gr）非國際單位制的質量單位。轉換為SI為1gr=6.479891×10-5kg。 |
| Grain coarsening | 晶粒粗化 |
A heat treatment that produces excessively large austenitic grains. 產生過大奧氏體晶粒的熱處理。 |
| Grain growth | 晶粒生長 |
An increase in the average size of the grains in polycrystalline metal, usually as a result of heating at elevated temperature. 多晶金屬中晶粒平均尺寸的增加，通常是高溫加熱的結果。 |
| Grain refiner | 晶粒細化機 |
A material added to a molten metal to induce a finer-than-normal grain size in the final structure. 添加到熔融金屬中以在最終結構中產生比正常晶粒尺寸更細的材料。 |
| Grain size | 晶粒大小 |
A measure of the areas or volumes of grains in a polycrystalline metal, usually expressed as an average when the individual sizes are fairly uniform. In metals containing two or more phases, the grain size refers to that of the matrix unless otherwise specified. For metals, a measure of the areas or volumes of grains in a polycrystalline material, usually expressed as an average when the individual sizes are fairly uniform. In metals containing two or more phases, the grain size refers to that of the matrix unless otherwise specified. Grain sizes are reported in terms of number of grains per unit area or volume, average diameter, or as a grainsize number derived from area measurements. 多晶金屬中晶粒的面積或體積的量度，通常表示為單個尺寸相當均勻時的平均值。在含有兩相或多相的金屬中，除非另有說明，晶粒尺寸是指基體的晶粒尺寸。多晶材料中晶粒的面積或體積的量度，通常表示為單個尺寸相當均勻時的平均值。在含有兩相或多相的金屬中，除非另有說明，晶粒尺寸是指基體的晶粒尺寸。晶粒尺寸以每單位面積或體積的晶粒數、平均直徑或從面積測量得出的晶粒尺寸數來報告。 |
| Grain-boundary liquation | 晶界液化 |
An advanced stage of overheating in which material in the region of austenitic grain boundaries melts. 奧氏體晶界區域的材料熔化的過熱階段。 |
| Granular fracture | 粒狀斷裂 |
A type of irregular surface produced when metal is broken that is characterized by a rough, grainlike appearance, rather than a smooth or fibrous one. It can be subclassified as transgranular or intergranular. 金屬破碎時產生的一種不規則表面，其特征是粗糙的顆粒狀外觀，而不是光滑或纖維狀的外觀。它可以細分為穿晶或晶間。 |
| Graphitic carbon | 石墨碳 |
Free carbon in steel or cast iron. 鋼或鑄鐵中的游離碳。 |
| Graphitization | 石墨化 |
Formation of graphite in iron or steel. Where graphite is formed during solidification, the phenomenon is called primary graphitization; where formed later by heat treatment, secondary graphitization. 在鐵或鋼中形成石墨。在凝固過程中形成石墨的現象稱為一次石墨化；后來通過熱處理，形成二次石墨化。 |
| Graphitizing | 石墨化退火 |
Annealing a ferrous alloy in such a way that some or all of the carbon is precipitated as graphite. 以使部分或全部碳以石墨的形式沉淀的方式對鐵合金進行退火。 |
| Gravity | 重力 |
The attractive force by which bodies are drawn towards the centre of Earth or other celestial object. Its intensity is measured by the acceleration produced. The gravitational force of attraction at the surface of a planet or other celestial body. The Earth’s gravity produces an acceleration of around 9.8m/s2 for any unsupported body. 物體被拉向地球中心或其他天體的吸引力，行星或其他天體表面的引力。它的強度是通過產生的加速度來衡量的，對于任何無支撐的物體，地球的重力都會產生大約9.8m/s2的加速度。 |
| Grinding | 研磨 |
1. A process of high-speed multiple scratching of surfaces by a wheel formed from hard grits and a binder which are progressively exposed as the binder wears away. It is a process of micromachining employed particularly in accurate finishing operations on hard materials. 2. A form of comminution. 1.一種通過由硬砂礫和粘合劑形成的輪對表面進行高速多次刮擦的方法，所述硬砂礫和粘結劑隨著粘合劑的磨損而逐漸暴露。這是一種微機械加工工藝，特別適用于硬材料的精確精加工操作。2.一種粉碎形式。 |
| Grinding stress (Unit Pa) | 磨削應力（單位Pa） |
The residual stresses left in the surface of a component after grinding, owing to non-uniform cooling from the high surface temperatures produced. 由于產生的高表面溫度造成的不均勻冷卻，磨削后留在部件表面的殘余應力。 |
| Grip length | 夾緊長度 |
Combined thickness of all the things clamped together by the bolt and nut, including washers, gaskets, and joint members. 由螺栓和螺母夾緊在一起的所有部件的總厚度，包括墊圈、墊圈和接頭構件。 |
| Grub screw | 平頭螺絲 |
A short headless screw with a recess at one end to receive a screw driver or key. 一種短的無頭螺釘，一端有一個凹槽，用于安裝螺絲刀或鑰匙。 |
| Guided bend | 導向彎曲 |
The bend obtained by use of a plunger to force the specimen into a die in order to produce the desired contour of the outside and inside surfaces of the specimen. 通過使用柱塞將試樣壓入模具中獲得的彎曲，以產生試樣外表面和內表面所需的輪廓。 |
| Guided-bend test | 導向彎曲試驗 |
A test in which the specimen is bent to a definite shape by means of a punch (mandrel) and a bottom block. 用沖頭（心軸）和底塊將試樣彎曲成一定形狀的試驗。 |